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There are plenty of other great uses for tac, and probably a bunch of reasons that tac is too rudimentary to be a solution. You can look up awk and sed commands to devise a way to determine when a block in a config file ends, or you can use tac to reverse the order such that once your parser has found the first relevant entry in that block, it also knows when to stop reading, because what used to be the header is now a footer. The tac command piped to less or more puts the latest entries at the top of your screen.įinally, many configuration files have no clear termination marker for a given section. That works well, but there are times you want to see a "chunk" of entries without knowing how far back you need to go. Entries are generally appended to a log file, so admins use tail to see the latest errors. At the end of such a process, tac is the quick and easy way to reverse that list.Īnother common annoyance is log files. So, your list of dependency grows in top-down form as you discover what libraries your system needs to build the libraries that the libraries need (and so on). That is, if your system is missing libavcodec then GCC stops and alerts you but since GCC hasn’t gotten a chance to probe your system for libvorbis and libvpx, for example, it can’t tell you that those dependencies are also missing (and, often, required to exist on your system before compiling libavcodec). This practice is relatively common because compiler errors hit the high-level dependencies first. Depending on how you gathered this list, you may have it in the order you established the dependencies were required instead of the order in which they must be installed.
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But sometimes that’s the only list manipulation you need.įor instance, if you’re packaging software for distribution, it’s not unusual to have a list of dependencies that are required for installation. The tac command is limited, obviously, because it doesn’t manipulate records in any way aside from reversing them. For those simple jobs that aren’t quite worth writing an AWK or Perl expression for, tac just might be a sensible solution. These simple yet useful parsing options make tac worth using as an uncomplicated, minimalist parsing command. You may have to adjust your source file if that feature is important to you. The regex option doesn’t handle non-terminated records well, though, even using the -before option.
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To use regex in your tac command, use the -regex or -r option before your -separator definition. That’s exactly the problem regex is meant to solve. You can reliably predict that the strings you care about are separated by integers, but you cannot reliably predict what those integers will be.
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Free online course: RHEL Technical Overview.
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